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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• Introduction
• Victims' Rights and the Prosecution Of Criminal Cases
• Plea Bargaining In Canada
• Federal Rule 11: A Viable Legal Framework for the Regulation of Plea Bargaining?
• Victim Participation in the Criminal Justice System: The Precedent of Victim Impact Statements in the Sentencing Process
• Conclusions

1. 1. INTRODUCTION
2. 2. 2. Victims' Rights and the Prosecution of Criminal Cases
   1. 2.1 2.1International Context
      1. 2.1.1 United Nations Declaration
      2. 2.1.2 European Initiatives
      3. 2.1.3 Initiatives in the United States
   2. 2.2 Canadian Initiatives
      1. 2.2.1 Provincial and Territorial Legislation
      2. 2.2.2 Federal Legislation
3. 3. Bargaining in Canada
   1. 3.1 Introduction
   2. 3.2 The Judicial Response
   3. 3.3 The Lack of a Formal Process for Plea Bargaining in Canada
4. 4. Federal Rule 11: A Viable Legal Framework For The Regulation Of Plea Bargaining?
   1. 4.1 The Legitimization of Plea Bargaining in the United States
   2. 4.2 The Implementation of Federal Rule 11
   3. 4.3 Federal Rule 11 and the United States Sentencing Guidelines
   4. 4.4 Empirical Research: Plea Bargaining and Sentencing Guidelines in the Federal Court System of the United States
   5. 4.5 Federal Rule 11: Tentative Conclusions
5. 5. Victim Participation In The Criminal Justice System: The Precedent Of Victim Impact Statements In the Sentencing Process
   1. 5.1 Are Victim Impact Statements a Vehicle for Revenge?
   2. 5.2 The Influence of Victim Impact Statements on the Sentencing Process: The Emerging Canadian Jurisprudence
   3. 5.3 Who is the Victim?
6. 6. Victim Satisfaction, Victim Participation and The Empirical Research
7. 7. CONCLUSIONS: FOUR MODELS OF VICTIM PARTICIPATION IN PLEA BARGAINING
   1. 7.1 Model one
   2. 7.2 Model Two
   3. 7.3 Model Three
   4. 7.3 Model Four

APPENDIX A: The Canadian Sentencing Commission Recommendations Concerning Plea Bargaining

APPENDIX B: State of Arizona: Victims' Bill Of Rights

APPENDIX C: U.S. Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure

References

1. Cases Sited
   1. Canada
   2. United States

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